Paper making



Patented Nov. 9, 1926. I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN J. GANNON, LOUIS W. MAHLE, AND FRED B. WELLS, RITTMAN, OHIO, AS- BIGNOBS TO THE OHIO BOXBOARD COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO A CORPORA- TION OF OHIO.

Ho Drawing.

In packaging certain mechandise, such as lard, butter, and other greases and fats, it is desirable to have a container which is made of a grease-proof material; also, in packaging materials, which are, from their inherent nature, apt to absorb moisture from the atmosphere, it is advisable to provide a container which is made of a moisture-proof material; it is also advisable, in packaging )0 materials which deteriorate in a humid or moist atmosphere, and which are, moreover, of a greasy or oily nature, such as nuts and soaps, to provide a container which is both grease-proof and moisture-proof; and it is the object of our invention to produce a material, in the nature of a boxboard, which is grease-proof, or both grease-proof and moistare-proof.

Various types of papers, and of boxboard and cardboard, have been produced for providing a material suitable for the construction of grease-proof, moisture-proof, or both reuse-proof and moisture-proof containers. ome of such materials comprise a base of ordinary paper, or cardboard or boxboard, to one surface of which is ailixed, by pasting or cementing, a sheet of ordinary parafline or Wax or other suitable pergameneous paper. This type of material is more or less expensive to manufacture, and must, necessarily therefore, be sold at a rather high price, duecto the fact that in its production at least three distinct operations are necessary, namely, production of the paper, cardboard or boxboard, production of the moistureroof or grease-proof paper, and combination of these two to form the finished, laminated material.

Moisture-proof material has been produced also by pasting together two or more sheets of paper, cardboard or boxboard with asphalt or water glass (sodium silicate) or the like as the adhesive. This type of material, although effective to prevent penetration of water or moisture through it, is also relatively expensive to manufacture.

As distinguished from papers and boards of the types last above mentioned, our invention contemplates the incorporation with a boxboard of ordinary type, of a grease-proof or both grease-proof and moisture-proof material integrally with the main body of the boxboard in a single paper-making opera tion.

PAPER MAKING.

Serial No. 21,221.

The invention consists in a method of making paper, such as cardboard, boxboard or the like, com rising, essentially, combining with the b0 y-forming portion or filler of the paper during the paper-making operation o the paper machine, a layer of greaseproof material, or both grease-proof and moisture-proof material, as an integral part of the sheet of paper, as we will proceed now to explain and finally claim.

Boxboards produced in accordance with our invention will ordinarily comprise a, filler or body-forming portion of a thickness suitable to proyide the strength desired in the finished board, a back, and a layer or coating of the grease-proof or both greaseproof and moisture-proof material, preferably formed as a surface layer or coating on the side or face of the filler opposite to that to which the back is applied, the whole being produced at a single operation. However, the arrangement of the component parts of the board may, if desired, be varied to suit certain predetermined re uirements.

The stock for forming the filer is roduced in the ordinary manner by wor ing old newspapers and the like in an ordinary beater, and the stock for the back is similarly produced, but has added to it agents or materials for making it of a higher grade and better color than the filler. A

The grease-proof stock, for forming the layer or coating, is produced in the following manner :Pure sulphite pulp is worked in a beater having, as distinguished from the ordinar beater, a roll of stone, preferably of base t lava, which, in its operation u on the stock, crushes the fibers of the sulp ite pulp instead of cutting them, as distinguished from the operation of the ordinary beater having a roll with steel fly bars. This crushing of the fibers of the stock, the hydration of same incident to the beating action, and the mechanical working of the stock by the stone roll, so breaks up and macerates the sul hite pulp that it forms a grease-proof pro net. This operation and the stock used (sulphite pulp) are the same as are employed in the manufacture of one well-known ty of pergameneous paper hereinabove re er ed to.

The working of the sulphite pulp in a heater having a stone roll, as described, has been found to produce a change in the stock,

lot

whereby it is rendered grease-proof, or grease-repellent, which is not produced in the same stock by working it in the ordinary beater wherein the ordinary roll with steel fly bars is used. It has been found possible to produce the same change in sulphite pulp stock by workin it in a ball mill, or with a mortar and pest e.

This stock, formed from pure sulphite pulp, is, as stated, grease-proof or easerepellent, andis therefore suitable or incorporation with filler stock to form a grease-proof paper or board. However, if it is desired to produce a paper or board which is both grease-proof or grease-repellent and water or moisture-proof, it is necessary to add to the sulphite pulp stock, preferably during the beating process, a suitable wax, resin size, or other sizing agent, which is miscible with the sulphite pulp stock. In the case of the addition to the stock of a wax, such as parafline wax, it will be found advisable, in order to produce a homogeneous and inseparable mixture of the wax and the sulphite pulp stock, first to prepare an emulsion of the wax, and then add such emulsion to the sulphite pulp stock.

In forming the pa 1' or board of our invention, we use, pre i'ably, a cylinder machine (although our material maybe produced by the Fourdrinier process), and after the stock for the various component parts of the paper, above enumerated, has been suitably beaten, digested and washed, it is deposited b the cylinders of the machine (any num r of cylinders being used to produce the required thickness of paper) to form the sheet. No particular order of deposition of the various paper stocks in the formation of the sheet is essential, but we have found that the best results are ob tained either by depositing first the pure sulphite pulp stock, then the filler, and then the back, or first the back, then the filler, and then the pure sulphite pul stock. The sheet thus formed is therea ter squeezed, dried and calendered in the usual way.

Paper or board manufacturers would probably say that it would be impossible to incorporate pure sulphite pul stock treated to form a grease-proof product, as above described, in a board, for the reason that, being a much slower stock, (that is, one through which water is not easil expressed) than stock generally used in card manufacturing, the water could not be driven from the stock efl'ectively, and the finished sheet would contain blows or bubbles between the sul hite pulp stock layer or coating and the filler or other laver next adjacent to it; but we have found that all of the water may be driven off in a direction away from the sulphite pulp stock layer, and a sheet produced which is enmaterial,

tirely free from blows, bubbles or other imperfections.

We have hereinbefore described our invention as applied to a paper or boxboard suitable for the formation of containers for various articles of merchandise, and in thus describing the invention, we have intended that it should be understood that the paper or boxboard is used alone for the formation of such containers and without any strengthening or stifl'ening backing. However, the paper or board produced in accordance with our invention may be at to a variety of uses. It may be used, or example, as a liner or back for corrugated board or fiber board, or it may be incorporated in what is known as pasted board with asphalt, water glass, Inc, or the like, as the adhesive, and will, when thus used, produce a material which, in addition to its other ordinary characteristics, is grease-proof or grease-repellent or both grease-proof and moisture or waterroof.

Reference is ma e to our copendlng application for patent for improvement in paper, filed April 6, 1925, Serial No. 21,222 which covers the product roduced by the process hereinbefore descri d.

The invention is susceptible of various modifications within the scope of the following claims.

What we claim is 1. A process of making pa r, which consists in de ositing a layer 0 rgameneous material, iiiapositing thereon a ayer of filler material, and thereafter expressin the surplus water from the thus combine layers in a direction away from the layer of pergameneous material and through the layer of filler material.

2. A process of making pa r, which consists in de ositing a layer 0 pergameneous material, epositing thereon a ayer of filler material, and thereafter expressing the surplus water from the thus combined layers in a direction away from the layer of pergameneous material and throug the la er of filler material and drying and calen ering said material to form an integral sheet.

3. A process of making pa er, which consists in de ositing a layer 0 pzrgameneous depositing thereon a yer of filler material, depositing upon said filler material a layer of back material, and thereafter expressing the surplus water from the thus combined layers in a direction away from said per ameneous layer and througll: said filler an back to form an integral s set 4. A process of making pa r, which consists in depositing a layer 0 rgameneous material, depositing thereon a ayer of filler material, depositing upon said filler material a layer of back material, and thereafter expressing the surplus water from the thus Ill combined layers in a direction away from said pergameneous layer and through said thus combined stock in a direction away filler and back and drying and calendering from the layer of pergameneous stock and said material to form an integral sheet. through the body-forming stock.

5. A process of making pa er, which con In testimony whereof We have hereunto 5 sists in depositing a layer 0 pergameneous set our hands this third day of April A. D. 15

paper stock comprising sulphite pulp stock 1925. prepared to form a grease-proof material, depositing thereon paper stock for forming JOHN J. GANNON. the body of the paper, and thereafter ex- LOUIS W. MAHLE. pressing the surplus moisture from the FRED B. WELLS.

pressing the surplus moisture from the thus combined stock in a direction away from the layer of pergameneous stock and through the body-forming stock.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands this third day of April A. D. 15

JOHN J. GANNON. LOUIS W. MAHLE. FRED B. WELLS.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,606,162, granted November 9, 1926, upon the application of John J. Gannon, Louis Mahle, and Fred B. Wells,

of Rittman, Ohio, for an improvement in Paper Makin the printed specification requiring correction as follows:

an error appears in age 1, line 105, strike out the words hereinabove referred to and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction the case in the Patent Office.

therein that the same may conform to the record of Signed and sealed this 21st day of December, A. D. 1926.

I M. J. MOORE, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Certificate of Oorrectioli.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No; 1,606 162, granted November 9, 1926, upon the application of John J. Gannon Louis W. 111110, and Fred B. Wells, of Rittman, OhlO for an improvement in Paper Mak in an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: a. e 1, line 105, strike out the words hereina'bove reierned to and that the said hers Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of December, A. D. 1926.

[am] M. J. MOORE,

' Acting flommaksiomr of Patents. 

